www.isucalarasi.ro<\/a> \u015fi pe canalele media \u015fi de socializare (pagina de facebook a institu\u021biei).<\/p>\n\n\n\nScurt istoric al zilei de 28 februarie – \u201cZiua Protec\u0163iei Civile din Rom\u00e2nia\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nProtec\u0163ia Civil\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia a luat na\u015ftere \u00een anul 1930, odat\u0103 cu semnarea \u00cenaltului Decret Regal nr. 468, prin care se aproba Regulamentul Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Pasive, \u015fi se \u00eenfiin\u0163au astfel primele structuri cu atribu\u0163ii de ap\u0103rare civil\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Structurile nou \u00eenfiin\u0163ate aveau ca scop limitarea efectelor \u201ebombardamentelor aeriene asupra popula\u0163iei \u015fi resurselor teritoriului, fie asigur\u00e2ndu-le protec\u0163ia direct\u0103, fie mic\u015for\u00e2nd eficacitatea atacurilor\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prin prevederile sale deta\u015feaz\u0103 net ap\u0103rarea pasiv\u0103 de ap\u0103rarea activ\u0103. Acest moment este considerat data de na\u015ftere a protec\u0163iei civile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cu pu\u0163in timp \u00eenainte de \u00eenceperea celui de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial, se \u00eenfiin\u0163eaz\u0103 Comitetul de Coordonare al Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Pasive, care func\u0163iona pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Ministerul Aerului \u015fi Marinei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dup\u0103 o perioad\u0103 destul de fr\u0103m\u00e2ntat\u0103 prin care trece Protec\u0163ia Civil\u0103 \u00een perioada comunist\u0103, c\u00e2nd trece printr-o serie de transform\u0103ri, revolu\u0163ia din decembrie 1989 a creat condi\u0163ii perfec\u0163ion\u0103rii activit\u0103\u0163ii pe linie de Ap\u0103rare Civil\u0103, a\u015fa cum era denumit\u0103 din anul 1978, \u00eenscriindu-se \u00een procesul de democratizare ini\u0163iat de acest act istoric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Astfel, Rom\u00e2nia a ratificat prin Decretul nr. 224 din 11 mai 1990 Protocoalele adi\u0163ionale I \u015fi II la \u201eConven\u0163iile de la Geneva din 12 august 1949 privind protec\u0163ia victimelor conflictelor armate\u201d, iar \u00een perioada urm\u0103toare au fost \u00eencheiate o serie de protocoale sau acorduri de cooperare, \u00een mod deosebit cu \u0163\u0103rile vecine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cen Legea ap\u0103r\u0103rii na\u0163ionale nr. 45 \/ 01.07.1994 apare \u00een mod oficial denumirea \u201eprotec\u0163ia civil\u0103\u201d. \u00cen octombrie 1996, se aprob\u0103 Legea protec\u0163iei civile \u00een care sunt stipulate atribu\u0163iile acestor structuri, iar \u00een 8 noiembrie 2004 a fost promulgat\u0103 noua Lege a Protec\u0163iei Civile (nr. 481\/2004). Acest nou act normativ se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een exigen\u0163ele actelor normative interna\u0163ionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Protec\u0163ia civil\u0103 s-a afirmat ca entitate distinct\u0103 sub diferite denumiri \u015fi a func\u0163ionat, prin alternan\u0163\u0103, \u00een structura Ministerului de Interne, Ministerului de R\u0103zboi, Ministerului Aerului \u015fi Marinei \u015fi Ministerului Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Na\u0163ionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Din ianuarie 2001, Protec\u0163ia Civil\u0103 a revenit \u00een structura Ministerului Administra\u0163iei \u015fi Internelor, iar din 15 decembrie 2004 s-a unificat cu pompierii, sub noua titulatur\u0103 de structuri specializate pentru interven\u0163ia \u00een \u201esitua\u0163ii de urgen\u0163\u0103\u201d (denumirea oficial\u0103 actual\u0103 \u201cInspectorat pentru Situa\u0163ii de Urgen\u0163\u0103\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
De-a lungul anilor, indiferent ce denumire a purtat \u015fi din ce structur\u0103 a f\u0103cut parte, Protec\u0163ia Civil\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia a desf\u0103\u015furat o intens\u0103 activitate, s-a dovedit util\u0103 \u015fi a slujit numai intereselor na\u0163ionale, \u00eendeplinind rolul profund umanitar pentru care a fost creat\u0103: ap\u0103rarea popula\u0163iei, a bunurilor materiale, a valorilor culturale \u015fi a mediului ambiant \u00een situa\u0163ii de r\u0103zboi, calamit\u0103\u0163i naturale \u015fi catastrofe tehnologice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Organismele militare \u015fi civile ale protec\u0163iei civile – aflate \u00eentr-un profund proces de reform\u0103, de modernizare \u015fi organizare – \u015fi-au dus la bun sf\u00e2r\u015fit, cu devotament \u015fi profesionalism, atribu\u0163iile ce le revin at\u00e2t \u00een ac\u0163iunile de interven\u0163ie real\u0103 pentru combaterea efectelor inunda\u0163iilor, a alunec\u0103rilor de teren, a \u00eenz\u0103pezirilor sau accidentelor rutiere, c\u00e2t \u015fi cu prilejul aplica\u0163iilor, a exerci\u0163iilor de alarmare public\u0103 \u015fi a interven\u0163iilor \u00een numeroase zone de risc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ziua Prrotec\u0163ei Civile \u2013 91 de ani \u00een slujba ap\u0103r\u0103rii comunit\u0103\u0163ii<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cen afara \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103mintelor \u00een plan militar, primul razboi mondial a generat serioase motive de reflec\u0163ie \u015fi \u00een planul protec\u0163iei popula\u0163iei civile \u00een fa\u0163a ororilor care l-au \u00eenso\u0163it. \u015ei \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, ca de altfel \u00een \u00eentreaga Europ\u0103, lipsa unei preg\u0103tiri anterioare si a unor m\u0103suri minime de protec\u0163ie, au generat sute de mii de victime civile nevinovate care s-au ad\u0103ugat celor de pe fronturile de lupt\u0103. Supus\u0103 la primele atacuri din aer, la bombardamentele artileriei, dar \u015fi la atacuri diversioniste cu agen\u0163i micorbieni care au dus la provocarea unor epidemii \u00een masa a\u015fa cum a fost tifosul exantematic, holera, febra tifoid\u0103, popula\u0163ia de la ora\u015fe \u015fi din mediul rural a avut de suferit din greu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pe timpul primei conflagra\u0163ii mondiale s-a remarcat \u015fi prima ac\u0163iune de anvergur\u0103 de evacuare, din fa\u0163a du\u015fmanului, a valorilor si bunurilor industriale importante, a organelor puterii \u015fi administra\u0163iei, precum \u015fi a unei par\u0163i din popula\u0163ie. Toate acest \u00eenva\u0163aminte au fost sintetizate dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi \u00een lucr\u0103ri teoretice de preg\u0103tire a militarilor si autorit\u0103\u0163ilor, dar \u015fi \u00een apari\u0163ia primelor reglment\u0103ri pe linia ap\u0103r\u0103rii civile. Ca un prim pas \u00een institu\u0163ionalizarea sistemului de protec\u0163ie a popula\u0163iei \u00een caz de conflict armat, la 20 noiembrie 1924 se \u00eenfiin\u0163eaza \u201e\u015ecoala Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Contra Gazelor\u201d menit\u0103 s\u0103 preg\u0103teasc\u0103 \u00een domeniu cadrele militare de la toate categoriile de arme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pe data de 1 ianuarie 1925 ia fiin\u0163\u0103 \u00een mod oficial Serviciul Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Contra Gazelor din armata rom\u00e2na care \u00een afar\u0103 de amintita \u015fcoal\u0103 mai cuprindea un laborator de cercetari \u015fi un atelier de repara\u0163ii. Preocuparile \u00een domeniu impun apari\u0163ia, \u00een anul 1926, a primului act normativ denumit \u201eInstruc\u0163iuni provizorii asupra protec\u0163iei contra gazelor de lupt\u0103\u201d. Tot \u00een acela\u015fi an va apare si revista \u201eAntigaz\u201d care va \u00eendeplini un rol important \u00een preg\u0103tirea cadrelor militare si educarea popula\u0163iei. Anul urm\u0103tor \u00een revista \u201eAntigaz\u201d apare, sub semnatura col. Popescu E. George \u015feful serviciului ap\u0103r\u0103rii contra gazelor articolul \u201eProtec\u0163ia popula\u0163iei civile contra gazelor de lupt\u0103\u201d, care va prefigura cadrul organizatoric si misiunile viitoarei ap\u0103r\u0103ri pasive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lucr\u0103rile Comtetului International al Crucii Ro\u015fii din anul 1928 pun pentru prima oar\u0103 problema \u00eenfiin\u0163\u0103rii unor structuri de protec\u0163ie a popula\u0163iei \u00eempotriva atacurilor aerochimice, precum \u015fi pentru elaborarea unui act normativ \u00een acest sens. A\u015fa apare<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Decizia Ministerului de Razboi nr. 513 din 21 iunie 1928 de instituire a unei comisii mixte destinat\u0103 \u201eA studia \u015fi propune masuri pentru solu\u0163ionartea problemei protec\u0163iei popula\u0163iei civile\u201d. Din comisie, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 reprezentan\u0163i civili ai unor ministere, f\u0103ceau parte delega\u0163i ai armatei, jandarmeriei, \u015feful serviciului ap\u0103r\u0103rii contra gazelor, col. Popescu E. George, precum \u015fi \u015feful pompierilor militari, col. Gheorghe Pohrib. Dup\u0103 un an de studii comisia va prezenta guvernului \u201eInstructiunile provizorii pentru organizarea protec\u0163iei civile contra gazelor de lupt\u0103\u201d care vor fi aprobate de c\u0103tre Consiliul de Mini\u015ftri pe data de 25 octombrie 1929. Acest act juridic este primul de acest fel care reglementeaza \u00eenfiin\u0163area unei organiza\u0163ii pentru protec\u0163ia popula\u0163iei civile \u00een caz de razboi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cenfiintarea, prin Legea 1911 din 31 martie 1932, a Inspectoratului General al Comandamentelor Teritoriale stabile\u015fte \u00een sarcina acestui organism coordonarea lucr\u0103rilor \u015fi m\u0103surilor pentru ap\u0103rarea antiaeriana a teritoriului \u015fi popula\u0163iei \u00eempotriva gazelor de lupt\u0103. Cu un an \u00eenainte, datorit\u0103 unor eforturi importante ap\u0103ruse masca contra gazelor, model rom\u00e2nesc, apreciat\u0103 ca fiind una dintre cele mai perfomante din acea vreme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cenceputul reglementarilor de rang superior privind protec\u0163ia popula\u0163iei \u015fi a bunurilor \u00een caz de conflict armat este dat de Legea asupra organiz\u0103rii na\u0163iunii si teritoriului pentru timp de razboi\u201d nr. 1245\/24.04.1933 prin care se stipula \u00eencadrarea cet\u0103\u0163enilor \u0163arii \u00een diferite organiza\u0163ii paramilitare, inclusiv \u00een cele de aparare pasiv\u0103 pentru protec\u0163ia popula\u0163iei \u015fi interven\u0163ie \u00een vederea \u00eenl\u0103tur\u0103rii efectelor atacurilor din aer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Str\u00e2ns legat de aceasta lege \u015fi anterior apari\u0163iei ei, va intra \u00een vigoare Regulamentul Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Pasive Contra Atacurilor Aeriene la 23 martie 1933, regulament aprobat prin \u00cenaltul Decret Regal nr. 468 din 28 februarie acela\u015fi an. Prin acesta se stabilea ca \u201eAp\u0103rarea Pasiv\u0103 este pregatit\u0103 \u015fi pus\u0103 \u00een aplicare pe \u00eentregul teritoriu de Ministerul de Interne prin Comisia Superioar\u0103 de Ap\u0103rare Pasiv\u0103\u201d, \u00eentreaga problematica trec\u00e2nd de la Ministerul Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Na\u0163ionale. Respectivul regulament stabilea atribu\u0163ii ministerelor, localita\u0163ilor urbane si rurale, \u00eentreprinderilor \u015fi institu\u0163iilor de tot felul. Se \u00eenfiin\u0163au comisii de ap\u0103rare pasiv\u0103 la nivelul jude\u0163elor, municipiilor, ora\u015felor \u015fi comunelor, precum \u015fi la nivelul \u00eentreprinderilor \u015fi institu\u0163iilor. Totodat\u0103 erau instituite m\u0103suri prevenitve, m\u0103suri de salvare \u015fi era stabilit un document unic de \u00eenfiin\u0163are a forma\u0163iunilor de interven\u0163ie de la nivelul localit\u0103\u0163ilor, institu\u0163iilor \u0163i \u00eentreprinderilor, denumit Planul Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Pasive. \u00cenaltul Decret Regal nr. 468 este considerat actul de na\u015ftere al Protec\u0163iei Civile din Rom\u00e2nia, \u00een fiecare an la 28 februarie s\u0103rbatorindu-se ZIUA PROTECTIEI CIVILE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prin acelasi regulament erau stabilite si m\u0103suri de competen\u0163a pompierilor militari, inclusiv de organizare si participare la exerci\u0163iile publice de alarmare si de preg\u0103tire a popula\u0163iei civlile din localita\u0163ile unde existau subunit\u0103\u0163i ale acestora. Legea 815 din 3 aprilie 1936 privind organizarea Corpului Pompierilor Militari stabilea ca \u201ePrevenirea \u015fi combaterea sinistrelor, precum \u015fi executarea m\u0103surilor impuse pompierilor prin Regulamentul Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Pasive Contra Atacurilor Aeriene sunt \u00eencredin\u0163ate pe tot cuprinsul \u0163\u0103rii Corpului Pompierilor Militari\u201d. Organizarea si subordonarea dubla (Ministerului de Interne – administrativ; Ministerului Apararii Nasionale – din punct de vedere al recrutarii, disciplinei \u015fi pozi\u0163iei militarilor), a Corpului Pompierilor Militari, a permis acestuia s\u0103 organizeze \u00eenca din timp de pace si subunit\u0103\u0163i de ap\u0103rare pasiv\u0103 pentru: observare \u015fi semnalizare; determinarea \u015fi identificarea gazelor de lupt\u0103; dezinfectare; salvare a r\u0103ni\u0163ilor \u015fi gaza\u0163ilor; \u00eendepartare a d\u0103r\u00e2maturilor; ridicare a bombelor neexplodate etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Toate aceste forma\u0163iuni vor fi echipate si \u00eenzestrate cu echipament si aparatur\u0103 specific\u0103, inclusiv cu autospeciale \u015fi utilaje (cele din Bucure\u015fti \u015fi din Ploie\u015fti). De men\u0163ionat c\u0103 \u00een toat\u0103 perioada interbelic\u0103 \u015fi pe timpul celui de-al doilea r\u0103zboi pompierii militari au p\u0103strat \u00een compunerea lor unita\u0163i \u015fi subunit\u0103\u0163i de ap\u0103rare pasiv\u0103, la nivelul Capitalei fiind organizat, \u00een 1940, un Batalion de Pompieri de Ap\u0103rare Pasiv\u0103 cu patru companii (\u00een afara celor \u015fase, numai de pompieri, existente dinainte). O puternic\u0103 organizare de pompieri \u015fi ap\u0103rare pasiv\u0103 a existat pe Valea Prahovei (un batalion care se va transforma \u00een regiment dupa 3 august 1943).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cen planul coordonarii ap\u0103r\u0103rii pasive a teritoriului controversa iscat\u0103, pe fondul unor orgolii personale, de trecerea acesteia la Ministerul de Interne va fi rezolvat\u0103 prin preluarea coordon\u0103rii de c\u0103tre nou \u00eenfiin\u0163atul Minister al Aerului \u015fi Marinei, \u00een anul 1936. \u00cen realitate era vorba doar de Comitetul de Coordonare al Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Pasive alcatuit din reprezentan\u0163i ai ministerelor, precum \u015fi de un birou al ap\u0103r\u0103rii pasive, care vor func\u0163iona \u00een cadrul acestui minister, partea operativ\u0103, de interven\u0163ie \u015fi preg\u0103tirea popula\u0163iei r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd \u00een sarcina pompierilor militari, a organelor administra\u0163iei publice locale, precum \u015fi \u00een aceea a conducerii \u00eentreprinderilor \u015fi institu\u0163iilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cu organizarea mentionat\u0103, forma\u0163iunile de ap\u0103rare pasiv\u0103 ale localit\u0103\u0163ilor \u015fi stabilimentelor economice, ale Crucii Ro\u015fii \u015fi subunit\u0103\u0163ile de pompieri – ap\u0103rare pasiv\u0103, \u00ee\u015fi vor face debutul la primele atacuri din aer de la Ia\u015fi din 23 iunie 1941. Faptul ca s-a tergiversat constituirea, \u00eenc\u0103 din timp de pace, a unor forma\u0163iuni puternice de interven\u0163ie specializat\u0103, pe zone \u015fi regiuni cu mare concentrare economic\u0103, a avut consecin\u0163e grave, mai ales pe timpul devstatoarelor atacuri din aer din anii 1943 – 1944, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu atacul de la Ploie\u015fti de la 1 august 1943. De altfel, chiar comandantul Comandamentului Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Pasive, generalul Gh. Marinescu, arat\u0103 cu pu\u0163in timp \u00eenaintea atacului men\u0163ionat c\u0103 \u00een afara pompierilor militari \u015fi, \u00een mica masur\u0103, a trupelor chimice, nu mai exist\u0103 arme care s\u0103 furnizeze efective nou \u00eenfiin\u0163atului comandament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cen anii urmatori, se fac eforturi de organizare \u015fi reconstituire a structurilor de ap\u0103rare pasiv\u0103, iar la 15 septembrie 1948 prin ordinul 45.082 al Marelui Stat Major se re\u00eenfiin\u0163eaz\u0103 Comandamentul Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Antiaeriene a Teritoriului. Perioada de incertitudine \u015fi c\u0103utari a luat sf\u00e2r\u015fit prin Decretul 222 din 9 septembrie 1950 care prevedea m\u0103surile de organizare \u015fi func\u0163ionare, preg\u0103tire \u015fi control privind ap\u0103rarea pasiv\u0103 a teritoriului \u0163\u0103rii. Noile reglementari juridice, de inspira\u0163ie sovietic\u0103, dau ap\u0103r\u0103rii locale antiaeriene un cadru organizatoric aparent perfec\u0163ionat, care \u00een anii ce vor urma va fi modificat, p\u00e2na la dispari\u0163ia respectivelor inadverten\u0163e, \u00een raport de realita\u0163ile rom\u00e2ne\u015fti. Concomitent vor fi \u00eenfiin\u0163ate unita\u0163i operative cu profil antichimic \u015fi pirotehnic la Bucure\u015fti, Bra\u015fov, Timi\u015foara si Ploie\u015fti. \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu data de 15 ianuarie 1951 se \u00eenfiin\u0163eaz\u0103 Centrul de Instruc\u0163ie al Ap\u0103r\u0103rii Pasive a Teritoriului, prin Decizia ministrului afacerilor interne nr. 133 din 8 ianuarie 1951. \u00cen anul 1952 au fost organizate, pe noua structura administrativ teritorial\u0103, state majore regionale ale ap\u0103r\u0103rii antiaeriene, cu servicii specializate la nivelul localita\u0163ilor si unita\u0163ilor economice. \u00cen anii urm\u0103tori, de la bugetul centralizat al statului, se vor aloca importante sume pentru \u00eenfiin\u0163area infrastructurii protec\u0163iei \u015fi ap\u0103r\u0103rii popula\u0163iei, mai ales pentru un eventual conflict armat. Spre exemplu \u00een anul 1958 existau 2921 puncte de prim ajutor medical, 408 sta\u0163ii de degazare, 413 depozite de materiale pentru degazare, 122 laboratoare sanitare, 6 baze de triere r\u0103ni\u0163i si evacua\u0163i, un spital de evacuare r\u0103ni\u0163i \u00een jurul Capitalei, 25 sta\u0163ii de trnasfuzii pentru r\u0103ni\u0163i \u00een caz de bombardamente etc\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Modernizarea concep\u0163iei ap\u0103r\u0103rii civile a popula\u0163iei, bunurilor \u015fi teritoriului \u00een caz de conflict armat, dar \u015fi la dezastre, a fost impus\u0103, \u00een primul r\u00e2nd de ruptura provocat\u0103 de evenimentele din Cehoslovacia din 1968, de catastrofele naturale care au lovit \u0163ara: inunda\u0163ii, cutremurul din 1977, dar \u015fi de unele catastrofe industriale cum au fost marile incendii de pe platformele petrochimice \u015fi metalurgice. A\u015fa \u00eenc\u00e2t, Legea nr. 2\/1978, va consfin\u0163i aplicarea, \u00een \u0163ara noastr\u0103 a unei noi concep\u0163ii privind ap\u0103rarea civil\u0103, \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 contur\u00e2ndu-se doctrina preg\u0103tirii popula\u0163iei \u015fi a factorilor de decizie spre a r\u0103spunde unor situa\u0163ii determinate de producerea dezastrelor, precum \u015fi privind protec\u0163ia popula\u0163iei \u00een caz de conflict armat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Purt\u0103tor de cuv\u00e2nt al Inspectoratului pentru Situa\u0163ii de Urgen\u0163\u0103. \u201eBarbu \u015etirbei\u201d al jude\u0163ului C\u0103l\u0103ra\u015fi – Plutonier adjutant \u015fef T\u0103t\u0103ranu \u015etefan-Ovidiu<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00cen data de 28 Februarie 2024 se aniverseaz\u0103 91 de ani de la \u00eenfiin\u021barea Protec\u021biei…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[24,20],"class_list":["post-11863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-info","tag-calarasi","tag-materiale-informative"],"yoast_head":"\n
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